The first instance of this is found in Turnabout Samurai, the third case of Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney. Upon examination, the protagonist and the partner character engage in an argument on the usage of the words "ladder" and "stepladder", and the difference between them. One usually accuses the other of being too absorbed in the details instead of looking at the big picture and realizing that stepladders and other ladders serve roughly the same function. The latter's response to this varies. Similar gags involving other items have been used on occasion over the series, with The Great Ace Attorney duology in particular primarily using a "shovel vs. spade" variation of the debate instead.
In its original incarnations, Phoenix Wright makes the distinction and Maya Fey warns him not to rely on "narrow-minded cultural assumptions". However, in later instances of the gag, the protagonist fills Maya Fey's role.
Although such a conversation does not directly occur in the crossover Professor Layton vs. Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney, two references are made to the recurring joke.
The console/PC ports of the Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trilogy, the Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney Trilogy, The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles, and the Ace Attorney Investigations Collection all have achievements/accolades for finding every ladder vs. stepladder conversation. These are respectively named "Ladders Vs. Step-Ladders", "Ladders and Stepladders", "The Top Rung", and "Ladders and Step-Ladders". The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles also has a similar accolade called "Ace of Spades" for finding all shovel vs. spade conversations.
No way! From their structure up, they're totally different! But of course, from a thief's perspective, the best kind of ladder is the rope-ladder. A step-ladder is much too heavy to carry around, after all.
No, it's just that in Japanese, we have a totally different word for a ladder that folds in half like that.
爱丽丝·华生
We do in English, too, you know. It's a stepladder, or just 'steps'. So be careful of making assumptions about other cultures, Runo. That's how wars are started.
Weird having something like this in a prison, huh? A cage inside a cage...
Miles Edgeworth
Technically, Kay, a prison isn't made up of cages, but cells.
Kay Faraday
What's the difference!? No offense, Mr. Edgeworth, but you've gotta look at the basic nature of things more.
Miles Edgeworth
Yes, and the basic nature of an investigation is the pursuit of accurate facts and information.
——“The Captive Turnabout”
The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures[ | ]
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
That spade has been in here since we started renting the place.
御琴羽寿沙都
Oh, that's not a spade, Naruhodo-san. It's a shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
No, shovels are for digging. That's for scooping up loose material. It's a spade.
御琴羽寿沙都
No, spades are for digging. That's for scooping up loose material. It's a shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
...I don't want to dig a hole for myself. So let's leave it.
——“The Adventure of the Unspeakable Story”
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
That spade has been in here since we started renting the place.
爱丽丝·华生
Runo! That's not a spade, it's a shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
Ah. You're a shoveller, are you? I had a feeling you'd pick me up on that.
爱丽丝·华生
Oh no...a pick is something else entirely.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
(...Now I've dug myself into an even deeper hole.)
——“The Adventure of the Unspeakable Story”
The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve[ | ]
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
The office spade... Now that Susato-san's gone, the shovellers aren't represented to correct me. ......... Maybe I'll have to do it myself. 'That's not a spade, Naruhodo-san; it's a shovel!'
——“The Memoirs of the Clouded Kokoro”
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
Perhaps we should put this spade away somewhere.
御琴羽寿沙都
That's not a spade, Naruhodo-san; it's a shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
No, shovels are for digging. That's for scooping up loose material. It's a spade.
御琴羽寿沙都
No, spades are for digging. That's for scooping up loose material. It's a shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
......... Well, it doesn't really matter, does it?
御琴羽寿沙都
You're so right, Naruhodo-san. We mustn't quarrel over such trifles.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
On reflection then, I think I'll leave this spade where it is.
御琴羽寿沙都
Yes, I think that's for the best. We may need a shovel when we're working in the garden.
——“The Memoirs of the Clouded Kokoro”
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
The office spade... Now that Miss Susato's gone, the shovellers aren't represented to correct me. ......... Maybe I'll have to do it myself. 'That's not a spade, Mr Naruhodo; it's a shovel!'
爱丽丝·华生
Ah, so you're a spader, are you, Runo? What, you want to battle it out?
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
(Alright, I'm not going to argue with a native English speaker...who has some kind of gun...)
——“The Return of the Great Departed Soul”
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
Thinking back, that spade's been in here since we first moved in, hasn't it?
御琴羽寿沙都
I'm sure I've told you before, Mr Naruhodo. It's not a spade; it's a shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
No, shovels are for digging. That's for scooping up loose material. It's a spade.
御琴羽寿沙都
No, spades are for digging. That's for scooping up loose material. It's...a...shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
(The great spade-shovel war rages on...)
——“The Return of the Great Departed Soul”
御琴羽寿沙都
What a large shovel... He's holding it rather ominously, isn't he? What on earth was the man doing with a shovel in a graveyard in the middle of the night?
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
Um...Miss Susato...
御琴羽寿沙都
Yes?
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
That's...a spade, isn't it?
御琴羽寿沙都
......... No, it's a shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
No, no, shovels are for digging. That's for scooping up loose material. It's a spade.
御琴羽寿沙都
We've been through this, Mr Naruhodo. It's a shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
No no no. Although...we haven't considered trowels...
御琴羽寿沙都
......... We've allowed ourselves to be distracted, I feel. Perhaps we should concentrate on what the man was doing with the implement.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
(So we're going to bury the hatchet?) You're right, though... What was the man doing in the graveyard in the first place, that's the real question.
——“The Return of the Great Departed Soul”
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
The spade is still here, look.
御琴羽寿沙都
Please, Mr Naruhodo. It's not a spade, as I think you well know. It's a shovel.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
(It didn't take long to reignite that old argument.)
御琴羽寿沙都
Ah, I have an idea! Let's give the implement a name, like Professor Harebrayne named his tools.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
Ooh! I never thought of doing that.
御琴羽寿沙都
From now on, let's call it 'Ryunosuke'.
Ryunosuke Naruhodo
No no no no! It's clearly much more of a 'Susato'! (The old argument has taken a new and unexpected turn, it seems...)
——“Twisted Karma and His Last Bow”
Cultural references[ | ]
In the 2009 point-and-click adventure game Another Code: R – A Journey into Lost Memories the player can examine a stepladder in a boathouse. Upon doing so, protagonist Ashley Mizuki Robbins calls it a ladder, before correcting herself and remembering that it's actually a stepladder. She then ponders what the difference even is between the two. This was likely intended as a reference to the running Ace Attorney joke.
Birth ME Code is another investigative mystery game that references the debate, although the character Ancora fails to get anyone to engage in the debate with her.
The 2015 adventure game Aviary Attorney is a storyboard attorney game like Ace Attorney set in 1840s France, which contains many references to and parodies of Ace Attorney, including the main characters Jayjay Falcon and Sparrowson referencing the stepladder debate during a search for clues.
In the 2021 adventure game Buddy Mission Bond, the character Mokuma can examine a stepladder during an infiltration section in Chapter Four and question whether it is a ladder or a stepladder.